Three Emperors' Corner (German: Dreikaisereck, Polish: Trójkąt trzech cesarzy) is a former tripoint in Upper Silesia, dating from the times of the partitions of Poland, when Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia (later, German Empire) and Austrian Empire (later, Austro-Hungary) had a common border where White Przemsza and Black Przemsza merge (confluence) into the main Przemsza river. It was gradually created by the border shifts and regime changes in the 19th century, particularly with the fall of the Free City of Kraków and creation of the German Empire, and lasted till the aftermath of the First World War (so from 1871 to 1918).
A much less famous tripoint between those three partitioners of Poland existed from 1795 to 1807 near the village of Niemirów. Creation of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw erased it, and the Duchy's transformation into Russian protectorate, Congress Poland, after Congress of Vienna led to a more stable tripoint on a new border, lasting for over a century. The tripoint however was only gradually created, at first, until 1848, the Austrian border was under the jurisdiction of semi-autonomous Free City of Kraków, which was annexed by Austria in 1848, and the Russian border was under the jurisdiction of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. Congress Kingdom would however lose most of its autonomy after the two consecutive uprisings (November Uprising in 1830s and January Uprising in 1860s), in time becoming the semi-official Vistula Land ("Russian Poland"). Finally, until the creation of the German Empire in 1871, the Corner was known as the Drei Länder Ecke—Three Countries' Corner. From 1871 it assumed its most famous name, the Three Emperors' Corner.1
From the late 19th century, the tripoint became an important tourism spot, particularly in the German Empire: two riverboards toured its vicinity, and a large, stone observation tower (one of the Bismarck towers) was built nearby. As reported by contemporary newspapers, between 3,000 to 8,000 people visited the spot annually.1
References
- ^ a b (Polish) Zapomniane miejsce, Gościniec PTTK, Kwartalnik, 4 (12)/2003, ISSN 1642-0853
External links
- (German) Old German postcards from Dreikaisereck
- (German)/(Polish) On the Bismarck Tower (Polish/German)
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