The Treaty of Greenville was signed at Fort Greenville (now Greenville, Ohio), on August 3, 1795, between a coalition of Native Americans and the United States following the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. It put an end to the Northwest Indian War. The United States was represented by General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, who defeated the Native Americans at Fallen Timbers. In exchange for goods to the value of $20,000 (such as blankets, utensils, and domestic animals), the Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of Chicago, and the Fort Detroit area.
Native American leaders who signed the treaty included members of these tribes:
- Wyandot
- Delaware (several bands)
- Shawnee
- Ottawa (several bands)
- Chippewa
- Potawatomi (several bands)
- Miami (several bands)
- Wea
- Kickapoo
- Kaskaskia
The treaty established what became known as the "Greenville Treaty Line," which was for several years a boundary between Native American territory and lands open to white settlers, although the treaty line was frequently disregarded by settlers as they continued to encroach on native lands guaranteed by the treaty. The treaty line began at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River in present-day Cleveland and ran south along the river to the portage between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas River in what is now known as the Portage Lakes area between Akron and Canton. The line continued down the Tuscarawas to Fort Laurens near present-day Bolivar. From there, the line ran west-southwest to near present-day Fort Loramie on a branch of the Great Miami River. From there, the line ran west-northwest to Fort Recovery, on the Wabash River near the present-day boundary between Ohio and Indiana. From Fort Recovery, the line ran south-southwest to the Ohio River at a point opposite the mouth of the Kentucky River in present-day Carrollton, Kentucky.
William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was present at Greenville. In the Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (G. Moulton, ed., Vol. 2, p. 140), Clark noted the following on 23 December 1803: "a raney day.... several Deleaway pass, a chief whome I saw at Greenville Treaty, I gave him a bottle of whiskey." This is mentioned here not to prove Clark's presence at Greenville, but as an historical note of apparent recognition and, based on that, a measure of kindness between Clark and a wandering Indian he likely had not seen or heard of for more than 8 years.
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