Tosa (土佐国 Tosa no kuni?) is the name of a former province of Japan in the area that is today Kochi prefecture on Shikoku. Tosa was bordered by Iyo and Awa Provinces.
The ancient capital was near modern Nankoku. Tosa was ruled by the Chosokabe clan during the Sengoku period, and Chosokabe Motochika briefly unified Shikoku under his rule, although he was reduced to Tosa again by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and dispossessed entirely after Sekigahara. The province was then granted to Yamanouchi Kazutoyo. Tosa was a relatively poor province, and lacked a strong castle town even under the Chosokabe. After Sekigahara, the castle town of Kochi was established and remains the main city to this day. During the Edo period the province was controlled by the Tosa Domain.
Sakamoto Ryōma of the Bakumatsu era was born in Tosa.
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