Mercury sulfide

Mercury sulfide
IUPAC name
Mercury sulfide
Other names
Cinnabar
Vermillion
Identifiers
CAS number 1344-48-5 YesY
Properties
Molecular formula HgS
Molar mass 232.66 g/mol
Density 8.10 g/cm3
Melting point

580 °C decomp.
Solubility in water insoluble
Band gap 2.1 eV (direct, α-HgS) [1]
Refractive index (nD) w=2.905, e=3.256, bire=0.3510 (α-HgS) [2]
Hazards
MSDS ICSC 0981
EU Index 080-002-00-6
EU classification Very toxic (T+)
Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases R26/27/28, R33, R50/53
S-phrases (S1/2), S13, S28, S45, S60, S61
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions Mercury oxide
Mercury selenide
Mercury telluride
Other cations Zinc sulfide
Cadmium sulfide
 YesY (what is this?)  (verify)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Cinnabar from Nevada, USA

Mercury sulfide, mercuric sulfide, or mercury(II) sulfide is a chemical compound composed of the chemical elements mercury and sulfur. It is represented by the chemical formula HgS. It is virtually insoluble in water.[3]. HgS is dimorphic with two crystal forms:

Crystals of red, α-HgS, are optically active. This is caused by the Hg-S helices in the structure.[4]

Contents

Preparation and chemistry

β-HgS is precipitated as a black powder when H2S is bubbled through solutions of Hg(II) salts.[5] β-HgS is unreactive to all but concentrated acids.[3]
Mercury metal is produced from the cinnabar ore by roasting in air and condensing the vapour.[3]

Uses

α-HgS is used as a red pigment when it is known as vermilion. Vermilion is known to darken and this has been ascribed to conversion from red α-HgS to black β-HgS. Investigations at Pompeii where red walls when originally excavated have darkened has been ascribed to the formation of Hg-Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite) and calcium sulfate, gypsum, rather than β-HgS, which was not detected.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ L. I. Berger, Semiconductor Materials (1997) CRC Press ISBN 0849389127 [Amazon-US | Amazon-UK]
  2. ^ Webminerals
  3. ^ a b c Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1984), Chemistry of the Elements, Oxford: Pergamon, p. 1406, ISBN 0-08-022057-6 
  4. ^ Glazer, A. M.; Stadnicka K. (1986). "On the origin of optical activity in crystal structures". J. Appl. Cryst. 19: 108–122. doi:10.1107/S0021889886089823. 
  5. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-19957-5 
  6. ^ Cotte, M; Susini J, Metrich N, Moscato A, Gratziu C, Bertagnini A, Pagano M (2006). "Blackening of Pompeian Cinnabar Paintings: X-ray Microspectroscopy Analysis". Anal. Chem. 78 (21): 7484–7492. doi:10.1021/ac0612224. PMID 17073416. 

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