The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is primarily the history of Jews in its component states. This is discussed in the following articles:

• History of the Jews in Armenia
• History of the Jews in Azerbaijan
• History of the Jews in Belarus
• History of the Jews in Estonia
• History of the Jews in Georgia
  • History of the Jews in Abkhazia
  • History of the Jews in South Ossetia
• History of the Jews in Kazakhstan
• History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan
• History of the Jews in Latvia
• History of the Jews in Lithuania
• History of the Jews in Moldova
• History of the Jews in Russia
• History of the Jews in Tajikistan
• History of the Jews in Turkmenistan
• History of the Jews in Ukraine
  • History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
  • History of the Jews in Galicia (Eastern Europe)
• History of the Jews in Uzbekistan

The following articles discuss various aspects of Jewish history specific to the Soviet Union and the Soviet era:

• Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
  • Stalin and antisemitism
  • Rootless cosmopolitan
  • Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
  • Specific Incidents:
    • Doctors' plot
    • Night of the Murdered Poets
• Soviet Anti-Zionism
  • Soviet Union and the Arab–Israeli conflict
  • Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public
• Aliyah from the Soviet Union
  • Lishkat Hakesher
  • Refusenik
  • Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
  • Jackson–Vanik amendment
  • National Conference on Soviet Jewry
• Jewish Autonomous Oblast

• Post-Soviet Union:
  • Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS
  • Union of Councils for Soviet Jews
  • Russian immigration to Israel in the 1990s