Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales

For other people known as Henry, Prince of Wales see Henry, Prince of Wales.
Prince Henry Frederick
Prince of Wales; Duke of Rothesay
Titles and styles
The Prince of Wales
The Duke of Cornwall
The Duke of Rothesay
Royal house House of Stuart
Father James VI of Scots, I of England
Mother Anne of Denmark
Born 19 February 1594
Stirling Castle, Scotland
Died 6 November 1612 (aged 18)
Burial Westminster Abbey, London

Henry Frederick Stuart, Prince of Wales (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612) was the eldest son of James VI of Scots, I of England and Anne of Denmark. His name comes from grandfathers Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Frederick II of Denmark.

Prince Henry was widely seen as a bright and promising heir to his father's throne. However, at the age of 18, he predeceased his father when he died of Typhoid Fever. Susequently, the heirship to the English and Scottish thrones passed to his younger brother Charles.

Many places in the Colony of Virginia were named in honor of Prince Henry before and after his death.

Contents

Early life

He was born at Stirling Castle and became Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland automatically on his birth. His tutor until he went to England was Sir George Lauder of The Bass, a Privy Counsellor - described as the King's "familiar councillor"1 - and he was also tutored in music by Alfonso Ferrabosco the younger.

Prince of Wales

Following his father's accession to the throne of England in 1603, he became automatically Duke of Cornwall, and was invested Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in 1610, thus uniting the six automatic and two traditional Scottish and English titles held by heirs-apparent to the throne(s) ever since that date.

Later life, early death, consequences

As a young a man, Henry showed great promise and was beginning to be active in leadership matters. Among his activities, he was responsible for the reassignment of Sir Thomas Dale to the Virginia Company of London's struggling colony in North America. However, he died from typhoid fever at the age of 18. (The diagnosis can be made with reasonable certainty from written records of the post-mortem examination.) Henry was buried in Westminster Abbey. Prince Henry's death was widely regarded as a tragedy for the nation, some may consider prophetic.

Upon his death, all of Henry's automatic titles passed to his younger brother, Charles, who, until then, had lived in Henry's shadow – Charles was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Carrick four years later. Charles was not as well-regarded as Henry had been, and after he assumed the throne following the death of his father in 1625 as King Charles I, his reign was marked by controversies, most notably conflicts with the English Parliament. Following several years of the English Civil War, he was tried and convicted of treason and was beheaded in 1649.

For more details on this topic, see Charles I of England.

Ancestry

Legacy

Both Prince Henry's Grammar School in Otley, West Yorkshire, and Prince Henry's High School in Evesham, Worcestershire in England are named after him.

The developments in North America were at an important stage as Henry grew up. In the southern portion of the Colony of Virginia, a part which became now the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States after the American Revolutionary War some years later, three important locations were named in his honor: Cape Henry, Henricus, and Henrico:

For more details on this topic, see Cape Henry.
  • Sir Thomas Dale was recruited for the Virginia Colony through efforts of Prince Henry, a response to management and discipline problems with the earliest colonists. He became the High Marshall of Virginia, effectively the colony's highest ranking law enforcement officer. Dale was discouraged by unhealthy conditions at Jamestown's location, and sought a better site as a potential improved replacement for Jamestown. His progressive but ill-fated Henricus (named for Prince Henry) was established in 1612. Henricus became the major point of Henrico Cittie (sic) in 1619. It was destroyed during the Indian Massacre of 1622. The long-lost site of Henricus was rediscovered in the late 20th century, and was by then located in Chesterfield County, which itself was established in 1749. Henricus is now part of a historical park.
For more details on this topic, see Henricus.
  • Present-day Henrico County was established by order of his younger brother, King Charles I, in 1634 as one of the original eight shires of Virginia. It is located adjacent to the state capital city of Richmond, which was Henrico's county seat for several hundred years, and became separate from it as an independent city in 1871. In the 21st century, Henrico remains extant in its original (county) political form and is regarded as one of the best-managed counties in the United States. In 1992 and again in 1993, City and State magazine ranked Henrico County as the second best fiscally managed county in the United States. 2
For more details on this topic, see Henrico County, Virginia.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles

Honours

Arms

As Prince of Wales, Henry Frederick bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of three points.4

References

  1. ^ The Bass Rock in History in Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian and Field Naturalists' Society, vol. 5, 1948: 55
  2. ^ Dick Glover - Economic Development
  3. ^ The Prince of Wales – Previous Princes of Wales
  4. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

Bibliography

  • Roy Strong - Henry, Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance (Pimlico, 2000)
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
Born: 19 February 1594 Died: 6 November 1612
British royalty
Preceded by
James VI of Scotland		 Heir to the English and Irish Thrones
as heir apparent
1603 – 1612		 Succeeded by
Charles Stuart, Duke of York
as Heir to the Thrones
Preceded by
James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran		 Heir to the Scottish Throne
as heir apparent
1594 – 1612
Peerage of England
Vacant
Title last held by
Edward Tudor		 Prince of Wales
1610 – 1612		 Succeeded by
Charles Stuart, Duke of York
Duke of Cornwall
1603 – 1612
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by
James VI		 Duke of Rothesay
1603 – 1612		 Succeeded by
Charles I
v • d • e
Princes of Wales
v • d • e
Dukes of Cornwall
HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Cornwall

Edward, the Black Prince (1337–1376)  · Richard II (1376–1377)  · Henry V (1399–1413)  · Henry VI (1421–1422)  · Edward of Westminster (1453–1471)  · Edward V (1470–1483)  · Edward of Middleham (1483–1484)  · Arthur, Prince of Wales (1486–1502)  · Henry VIII (1502–1509)  · Henry Tudor (1511)  · Henry Tudor (1514)  · Edward VI (1537–1547)  · Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1603–1612)  · Charles I (1612–1625)  · Charles II (1630–1649)  · The Old Pretender (1688–1689)  · George II (1714–1727)  · Prince Frederick (1727–1751)  · George IV (1762–1820)  · Edward VII (1841–1901)  · George V (1901–1910) · Edward VIII (1910–1936)
v • d • e
Dukes of Rothesay

HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay
David (1398–1402)  · James I (1402–1406)  · Alexander (1430)  · James II (1430–1437)  · James III (1452–1460)  · James IV (1473–1488)  · James (1507–1508)  · Arthur (1509–1510)  · James V (1512–1513)  · James (1540–1541)  · James VI (1566–1567)  · Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1603–1612)  · Charles I (1612–1625)  · Charles James (1629)  · Charles II (1630–1649)  · The Old Pretender (1688–1689)  · George II (1714–1727)  · Prince Frederick (1727–1751)  · George IV (1762–1820)  · Edward VII (1841–1901)  · George V (1901–1910)  · Edward VIII (1910–1936)

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