The fecal-oral route (or alternatively, the oral-fecal route or orofecal route) is a way disease can be passed when fecal particles from one host are introduced into the mouth of another potential host.
There are usually intermediate steps, sometimes many of them. Among the more common causes are:
- water that has come in contact with feces and is then inadequately treated before drinking;
- food that has been handled with feces present;
- poor sewage treatment;
- poor or absent cleaning after handling feces or anything that has been in contact with feces.
- some sexual practices — such as anilingus, coprophilia, and ass to mouth1
Some of the diseases that can be passed via the fecal-oral route include:
- Giardiasis2
- Hepatitis A3
- Hepatitis E4
- Rotavirus
- Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)5
- Typhoid fever6
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections7
- Enteroviruses, including poliomyelitis
- Cholera
References
- ^ Fenway Community Health-Hepatitis A, B, C
- ^ Meyer EA (1996). Other Intestinal Protozoa and Trichomonas Vaginalis in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ^ Zuckerman AJ (1996). Hepatitis Viruses in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ^ Wang L, Zhuang H (2004). "Hepatitis E: an overview and recent advances in vaccine research". World J Gastroenterol 10 (15): 2157–62. PMID 15259057.
- ^ Hale TL, Keusch GT (1996). Shigella in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ^ Giannella RA (1996). Salmonella:Epidemiology in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
- ^ Finkelstein RA (1996). Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
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- This page was last modified on 3 November 2008, at 04:21.
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