Expressive aphasia Classification and external resources
Broca's area and Wernicke's area
ICD-10	F80.1
ICD-9	315.31
MeSH	D001039

Expressive aphasia, known as Broca's aphasia in clinical neuropsychology and agrammatic aphasia in cognitive neuropsychology, is an aphasia caused by damage to or developmental issues in anterior regions of the brain, including (but not limited to) the left inferior frontal region known as Broca's area (Brodmann area 44 and Brodmann area 45).^{citation needed}

Contents 1 Presentation 2 Classification and diagnosis 3 Famous Sufferers 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Presentation

Sufferers of this form of aphasia exhibit the common problem of agrammatism. For them, speech is difficult to initiate, non-fluent, labored, and halting. Similarly, writing is difficult as well. Intonation and stress patterns are deficient. Language is reduced to disjointed words and sentence construction is poor, omitting function words and inflections (bound morphemes). A person with expressive aphasia might say "Son ... University ... Smart ... Boy ... Good ... Good ... "

For example, in the following passage, a Broca's aphasic patient is trying to explain how he came to the hospital for dental surgery:

Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... (his own name), and Dad.... er... hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday, nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth... yah.¹

In extreme cases, patients may be only able to produce a single word. The most famous case of this was Paul Broca's patient Leborgne, nicknamed "Tan", after the only syllable he could say. Even in such cases, over-learned and rote-learned speech patterns may be retained²—for instance, some patients can count from one to ten, but cannot produce the same numbers in ordinary conversation.

While word comprehension is generally preserved, meaning interpretation dependent on syntax and phrase structure is substantially impaired. This can be demonstrated by using phrases with unusual structures. A typical Broca's aphasic patient will misinterpret "the dog is bitten by the man" by switching the subject and object.³ Patients who recover go on to say that they knew what they wanted to say but could not express themselves. Residual deficits will often be seen.

Classification and diagnosis

Expressive aphasia is also a classification of non-fluent aphasia, as opposed to fluent aphasia. Diagnosis is done on a case by case basis, as lesions often affect surrounding cortex and deficits are not well conserved between patients.

Famous Sufferers

• Ram Dass

See also

• Broca's area
• aphasia
• Dysnomia
• Anomia
• Compare with receptive aphasia (Wernicke's aphasia).

References

External links

• Aphasia Center of California in Oakland, CA, U.S.

v • d • e WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders (F · 290–319) Neurological/symptomatic Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia, Elopement, Sundowning, Wandering) · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome Psychoactive substance alcohol (drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse) · opioids (opioid dependency) · sedative/hypnotic (benzodiazepine withdrawal) · cocaine (cocaine dependence) · general (Intoxication, Drug abuse, Physical dependence, Withdrawal) Psychotic disorder Schizophrenia (disorganized schizophrenia)  · Schizophreniform disorder  · Schizotypal personality disorder · Delusional disorder · Folie à deux · Schizoaffective disorder Mood (affective) Mania · Bipolar disorder · Clinical depression · Cyclothymia · Dysthymia Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform Anxiety disorder Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Panic attack, Generalized anxiety disorder, Social anxiety, Social phobia Somatoform disorder Somatization disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hypochondriasis, Nosophobia, Da Costa's syndrome, Psychalgia Other OCD · Acute stress reaction · PTSD · Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) · Neurasthenia Physiological/physical behavioral Eating disorder Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa Sleep disorder Dyssomnia (Hypersomnia, Insomnia) · Parasomnia (REM behavior disorder, Night terror) · Nightmare Sexual dysfunction Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder Postnatal Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis Adult personality and behavior Personality disorder · Passive-aggressive behavior · Kleptomania · Trichotillomania · Voyeurism · Factitious disorder · Munchausen syndrome · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Fetishism Mental retardation Mental retardation Psychological development (developmental disorder) Specific speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp) · Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) · Motor function (developmental dyspraxia) Pervasive Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome Behavioral and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset ADHD · Conduct disorder · Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · Tourette syndrome · Speech (stuttering · cluttering)

v • d • e Lesions of spinal cord and brain Spinal cord sensory: Sensory ataxia - Tabes dorsalis motor: Motor neurone disease mixed: Brown-Séquard syndrome - cord syndrome (Posterior, Anterior, Central/Syringomyelia) - Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (B12) Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brainstem Medulla (CN 8, 9, 10, 12) Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg (PICA) - Medial medullary syndrome (ASA) Pons (CN 5, 6, 7, 8) Lateral pontine syndrome (AICA) - Millard-Gubler syndrome (lateral) - Medial pontine syndrome (basilar) - Foville's syndrome (dorsal, basilar) - Locked-In syndrome (ventral) - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - One and a half syndrome Midbrain (CN 3, 4) Weber's syndrome (ventral peduncle, PCA) - Benedikt's syndrome (ventral tegmentum, PCA) - Parinaud's syndrome (dorsal, tumor) Cerebellum lateral (Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Intention tremor) - medial (Cerebellar ataxia) Basal ganglia Chorea - Dystonia - Parkinson's disease Cortex ACA syndrome - MCA syndrome - PCA syndrome frontal lobe: Expressive aphasia - Abulia parietal lobe: Receptive aphasia - Hemispatial neglect - Gerstmann syndrome - Astereognosis occipital lobe: Balint's syndrome - Cortical blindness - Alexia without agraphia temporal lobe: Cortical deafness - Prosopagnosia Other Subclavian steal syndrome - Upper motor neurone lesion (Clasp-knife response) - Lower motor neurone lesion

v • d • e Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice (R47-R49, 784) Aphasia/Dysphasia Expressive aphasia - Receptive aphasia - Conduction aphasia Other speech disturbances Dysarthria - Schizophasia Symbolic dysfunctions Dyslexia - Alexia - Agnosia (Prosopagnosia, Astereognosis) - Apraxia (Ideomotor apraxia) - Acalculia - Agraphia Voice disturbances Dysphonia - Aphonia

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