- See also: Alcazar (disambiguation)
An alcázar is a Spanish castle, from the Arabic word القصر al qasr meaning palace or fortress. Many cities in Spain have an alcázar. In Portugal there is also a city called Alcácer do Sal (Al Qaşr), which belonged to Arabs during the Muslim occupation of the Iberian Peninsula.
Famous Alcazars
- The Alcázar of Segovia was built in the 12th century. During the Middle Ages, the alcázar of Segovia was the favorite residence of kings of Castile, and almost each king added new parts to the building, transforming the original fortress into a courtier residence and prolonging the construction of the castle till 16th century, when king Philip II added the conical spires and the slate roofs. A fire in 1862 destroyed part of the roofs, but they were restored in the very same style they were built 300 years ago. It is known that Walt Disney was inspired by the Alcazar de Segovia to create his famous Cinderella Castle.
- The Alcázar of Madrid was an important royal palace built by Charles V, and the main royal residence in Madrid until the Buen Retiro Palace partly superseded it in the 17th centry. It was completely destroyed by fire in 1734, and the present Royal Palace of Madrid was built on the same site. This was initially called the Palacio Nuevo and never called an Alcázar.
- The Alcázar of Toledo was used as a military academy in modern times. The famous "Siege of the Alcázar" in the Spanish Civil War refers to the Toledo castle, which was held by the Nationalist Colonel José Moscardó Ituarte against overwhelming Republican forces. Republican forces captured Moscardó's 24-year-old son Luis. On 23 July 1936, they telephoned Moscardó and informed him that either turn over the Alcázar within ten minutes or his son would die. Moscardó did not surrender. Luis was indeed executed, but contrary to widespread belief, not immediately: he was killed exactly one month later, on 23 August. 1
- The Alcázar of Seville was built in the 1360s by Moorish craftsmen for Pedro of Castile who, with his mistress, Maria de Padilla, lived in and ruled from the Alcazar, and often remodeled. A UNESCO World Heritage site.
- Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos in Córdoba, Spain was a Moorish palace taken over after the Reconquista. Alcázar was the summer home of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella and the site of their meeting with Christopher Columbus before his famous voyage.
Outside Spain, in modern Palermo, Sicily, the district still called the Cassaro corresponds to the area of ancient Punic settlement of Zis, on high ground that was refortified by the Arabs and called القصر al qasr, and further expanded as the site of the later Norman palace.
Notes
- ^ Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, revised and enlarged edition (1977), New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-014278-2. p. 324
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