1913

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century - 20th century - 21st century
Decades:	1880s 1890s 1900s - 1910s - 1920s 1930s 1940s
Years:	1910 1911 1912 - 1913 - 1914 1915 1916

1913 by topic:
Subject: Archaeology - Architecture - Art
Aviation - Film - Literature (Poetry) Meteorology - Music (Country) Rail transport - Radio - Science
Sports - Television
Countries: Australia - Canada - India - Ireland - Malaysia - New Zealand - Norway - Singapore - South Africa - Soviet Union - UK - Zimbabwe
Leaders: Sovereign states - State leaders
Religious leaders - Law
Categories: Births - Deaths - Works - Introductions
Establishments - Disestablishments - Awards v • d • e

Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Contents:
Events of 1913 - Jan. ^. Feb. ^. March ^. April - May ^. June ^. July ^. Aug. - Sept. ^. Oct. ^. Nov. ^. Dec. - Undated ^. Ongoing ^. Births Deaths Nobel Prizes See also - Notes - External links

Events of 1913

January

January 13
- Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a public service sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by 22 collegiate women.
- The Irish Ulster Volunteers are reorganized into the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) by the Ulster Unionist Party, with the intention of defending Ulster against Home Rule.
January 23 - Coup of 1913 in the Ottoman Empire: The CUP, lead by Enver Pasha, overthrows the Liberal Union coalition and introduces a military dictatorship.
January 30 - The House of Lords rejects the third Irish Home Rule Bill.

February

February 1: New York's Grand Central building as rebuilt (c.1911).

February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest train station.
February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes.
February 4 - The trial of the remnants of the Bonnot Gang begins in France.
February 9 - The Great Fireball Procession, a chain of slow, large meteors moving from northwest to southeast, is sighted over North America, particularly in Canada.
February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays the works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th Century.

March

March - The House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne, amidst an outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia.
March 4
- Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
- The U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
- The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds is passed.

March 4: Wilson sworn in as the 28th president of the United States.

March 5-March 7 - First Battle of Bud Dajo: American troops decisively defeat Moro rebels in the Philippines.
March 7 - The British freighter Alum Chine, carrying 343 tons of dynamite, explodes in Baltimore harbour.[1]
March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
March 13 - Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in the United States.
March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT), is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
March 25
- Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe, and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as head of the Constitutionals.
- 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this great flood.
March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.

March 12: Australia begins building the new capital of Canberra.

April

April 8 - The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed, dictating the direct election of senators.
April 24 - The Woolworth Building opens in New York City.
April 26 - Mary Phagan is raped and strangled on the premises of the National Pencil Factory in Atlanta. Leo Frank is tried and convicted for the crime.

May

May - The Paul Emile Chabas painting September Morn creates a national sensation in the U.S., and results in a court case in Chicago, Illinois.
May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a 4-engine aircraft.
May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring premieres in Paris, causing a riot that very night.
May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London, ending the war.

June

June - The first edition of the Christian esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross is published in the United States (it is still issued bimonthly today).
June 4 - Emily Davison, a British suffragette, runs out in front of the King's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies 4 days later in the hospital, never having regained consciousness.
June 13 - A Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute, that breaks in Niagara Falls, New York.
June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: U.S. troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 civilians in Bud Bagsak, the Philippines.
June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.

July

July 3 - The 50th anniversary commemoration of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of American Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004^[update]).

August

August 4 - In China, the province of Chungking declares independence; Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks.
August 10 - Macedonia is divided after the Second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest.
August 13 - Stainless steel is invented by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
August 15 - The Dublin Strike & Lockout begins; all trade union members are dismissed.
August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond jumps from an airplane and lands safely.

September

September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by 5 strokes, becoming the first amateur to ever win the event.
September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean.
September 29
- Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain.
- Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals.

October

October 1 - Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa's troops take Torreón after a 3-day battle, when government troops retreat.
October 3 - The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposes the federal income tax and lowers basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
October 10 - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
October 19 - The DLRG (German Life Saving Society) is founded.
October 31 - The Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across the United States, is dedicated.

November

November 1 - Panama Canal employees reach their highest number (56,654) since construction began in 1904.
November 5 - The insane King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III.
November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
November 7-11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills more than 250.
November 26 - Phi Sigma Sigma, the first non-sectarian sorority, is founded at Hunter College in New York.

December

December 1
- The Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford is not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one sparks an era of mass production).
- Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
December 12
- Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
- Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell the Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.
December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
December 30 - Italy returns the Mona Lisa to France.
December - The Gateway of India is constructed at Mumbai, to commemorate the first entry of Queen Victoria into India.

Undated

Female suffrage is enacted in Norway.
The British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
Dutch physicist Willem de Sitter shows that the speed of light is independent of the speed of the source.
French physicist Georges Sagnac shows that the speed of light depends on the speed of a rotating platform.
Camel Cigarettes are introduced.
The Journal of Ecology is first published.
The National Temperance Council is founded to promote the temperance movement.
The United States Soccer Federation is formed.
The modern zipper is invented.
The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merge to become Winston-Salem.
Portuguese immigration to the Hawaiian Islands (1878-1913) ends.
25,000 people die in industrial accidents in the USA.
The value of world trade reaches roughly $38 billion.
Yuan Shikai uses military force to dissolve China's parliament and rules as a dictator.
Schools founded:
- The Hockaday School
- Crescent School

Ongoing

First Balkan War.

Births

**1913 in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	1913 MCMXIII
Ab urbe condita	2666
Armenian calendar	1362 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԲ
Bahá'í calendar	69 – 70
Berber calendar	2863
Buddhist calendar	2457
Burmese calendar	1275
Byzantine calendar	7421 – 7422
Chinese calendar	壬子年十一月廿四日 (4549/4609-11-24) — to — 癸丑年十二月初五日 (4550/4610-12-5)
Coptic calendar	1629 – 1630
Ethiopian calendar	1905 – 1906
Hebrew calendar	5673 – 5674
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1968 – 1969
- Shaka Samvat	1835 – 1836
- Kali Yuga	5014 – 5015
Holocene calendar	11913
Iranian calendar	1291 – 1292
Islamic calendar	1331 – 1332
Japanese calendar	Taishō 2 (大正2年)
Korean calendar	4246
Thai solar calendar	2456
v • d • e

January-February

January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
January 5 - Jack Haig, British actor (d. 1989)
January 6 - Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
January 6 - Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, 37th President of the United States (d. 1994)
January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (Sea Hunt) (d. 1998)
January 15 - Alexander Marinesko, captain of the S-13 submarine, which sank the German ship Wilhelm Gustloff, when 10,000 died while the ship sank (d. 1963)
January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace of WWII (d. 2006)
January 22 - William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
January 22 - Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer (d. 2008)
January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
January 26 - Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)
January 28 - Wally Parks, founder of the NHRA {d. 2007)
January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
February 14 - Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
February 14 - Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
February 14 - Woody Hayes, National Football League coach (d. 1987)
February 25 - Jim Backus, American actor (Gilligan's Island) (d. 1989)
February 25 - Gert Fröbe, German actor (Goldfinger) (d. 1988)
February 27 - T. B. Ilangaratne, Sri Lankan author, dramatist, actor and politician (d. 1992)
February 27 - Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
February 27 - Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
February 27 - Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)

March-April

March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
March 13 - William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
March 13 - Smoky Dawson, Australian singer (d. 2008)
March 13 - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
March 26 - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
March 26 - Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
March 30 - Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
March 30 - Frankie Laine, American singer (Mule Train) (d. 2007)
March 30 - Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
March 31 - Etta Baker, American musician (d. 2006)
April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
April 7 - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor (d. 2008)
April 21 - Doctor Richard Beeching, Chairman of British Rail (d. 1985)
April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)

May-June

May 1 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
May 1 - Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer (d. 2007)
June 11 - Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
June 11 - Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano
June 18 - Robert Mondavi, American winemaker (d. 2008)
June 18 - Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)
June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
June 26 - Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet and politician (d. 2008)
June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker (d. 2007)
June 30 - Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (d. 2007)

July-August

July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
July 12 - Philip Mayer Kaiser, American diplomat (d. 2007)
July 12 - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
July 17 - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
July 22 - Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)
July 22 - Licia Albanese, Italian-born soprano
July 23 - Michael Foot, British politician
August 8 - John Facenda, American sports announcer (d. 1984)
August 8 - Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator (d. 2006)
August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
August 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d. 1977)
August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
August 17 - W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant (d. 2008)
August 17 - Rudy York, American baseball player (d. 1970)
August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
August 28 - Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
August 28 - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
August 29 - Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer
August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
August 31 - Helen Levitt, American photographer

September-October

September 1 - Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and graphic artist (1979)
September 2 - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
September 4
- Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
- Boone Guyton, American test pilot (d. 1996)
September 11 - Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983)
September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
September 23 - Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish artist, member of the CoBrA movement
September 24 - Wilson Rawls, American author (d. 1984)
September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
September 29
- Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
- Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
- Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
October 18 - Evelyn Venable, American actress (d. 1993)
October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)
October 22 - Tamara Desni, German-born British actress (d. 2008)

November-December

November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (Elmer Gantry) (d. 1994)
November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (Gone With The Wind) (d. 1967)
November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
November 7 - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
November 18 - Endre Rozsda, Hungarian-French painter (d. 1999)
November 21
- John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
- Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
November 22
Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. 2006)
November 23 - Michael Gough, English actor
November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
December 6
- Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
- Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
December 9 - Frances Reid, American actress
December 10
- Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
- Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)
December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
December 16 - George Ignatieff, Canadian diplomat, recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace (d. 1989)
December 18
- Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
- Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist
December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)

Deaths

January - June

January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
March 18 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
March 31 - J.P. Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
June 28 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b. 1841)

July - December

July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American Civil War naval hero (b. 1845)
July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
July 19 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)

Nobel prizes

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